Quickthinking Productions

Three Main Documentary Ideas

1. The Circus Folk

One idea for a documentary was to document and follow the lives of a travelling family circus and the difficulties they face to deliver their passion to the public. The subject we are considering is Carter’s Steam Fair: a family run company that travels around Southern England, focusing around the Berkshire area. http://www.visit.carters-steamfair.co.uk/. One of the last remaining travelling fairs in Britain Carter’s isn’t just a fully functional circus but also helps restore old equipment and machinery in an attempt to keep the industry alive.

This documentary idea was one of mine which I go into full detail about on my Documentary Ideas and Research page. I talk about the idea and go into it whilst suggesting how we would go about making the documentary and explaining what interests me about this project. I also do some research into similar documentaries. This is the link:

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Review by Daniel Ashfield.

Personally, this is one of my favourite ideas as I find the life of the carnival folk fascinating. The constant travelling and the hardships they may or may not have to deal with trying to keep the business running. There are plenty of angles that we could explore such as problems within the business itself and how much money is being made, the general public view of them and so on. The most important thing to show would just be how these people lived as I think it would open the door to the audience and show them into their world. This would probably mostly be observational just seeing how they live and travel but I think we should combine it with expository mode. Not to necessarily have a 'voice of god' but to have interviews separately with certain subjects and ask questions off camera to gain a response. I also feel that this would be a fantastic experience to live with them for a period of time to see how they live and really gain an insight into their lives. We could even include participatory mode and show us how we cope with living their life but I feel that the main point of the documentary would be lost and the main focus should be on the carnival folk themselves.

The range of shots that we could use in this would be fantastic as having done research into the 'Carter's Steam Fair' group, they test their rides before everyday in the early hours of the morning. We could get a great variety of shots of this event or when the actual fair is open for business and the traditional fireworks they do on the Saturday night. We could look into the promotional aspects of the business and how they manage to spread the word around and what techniques are used to achieve this. There are a number of possibilities that could make this into a great documentary. One thing we would make sure of is to never turn the camera off as we want to capture every single thing, all the backstage stuff, not just the rides.

There are of course many things that could go wrong with this documentary idea. As with most documentaries, the subjects and contacts could pull out halfway through filming for example and that would leave us in a very bad situation. That is why it is essential to have back up documentary ideas to fall back on if they do indeed have to be scrapped. There is also a possibility that this documentary could turn out containing way too many talking heads or not enough content to hold the attention of the audience for 15-30 minutes. We would then have to be careful to mix it up a bit and include the different angles mentioned before and have these interviews mentioned before that would really create an emotional response to the audience and create empathy. Overall, this is my favourite documentary idea and I would love to film this and make it become reality.

Review by Dale Stewart.

It may not be original but following the life of certain individuals which they only know the circus life. Importantly it would be more perfect finding someone who has grown up to live and breath circus. Since I was a youngster I have been attending the Carters Steam Fair and I always wondered how they can constantly do it as a continuous cycle round the southern part of the country, attending events such as Uxbridge, Prospect Park and Englefield Green. Some of the points we could bring up in our documentary is certainly the difficulties they have moving around all the time, are they stressed? Does it effect their work? What happens when they have relationship breakdowns? We have a few paths we can follow for this particular subject. Therefore, throwing in a few interviews with the general public to show the emotional side of the circus folk, how are they to people? but specifically getting a wider outlook on how they effect society. Me personally had no idea what the advantages and disadvantages being in the circus business could be, this is why it's a really interesting subject to document. It gives the public/audience a chance to know more behind the flashing lights, friendly faces and amazing rides but the person beyond that, are they family man/woman? and finally we could speak to the council about the rights travellers have on the Reading Borough grounds, do they have to pay?

The style of documentary would be more observational, it gives a chance for the group to observe the events happening on the camera however our main focus is making the audience aware and be educated by the life of the circus folk to reach conclusions they may deduce. More advanced style with observational is there isn't any interviews, no music, no narration and no staged events just purely natural. The group will utilize long takes and very few cuts to bring that natural feeling further, this results in the team witnessing experiences first-hand involved with the subject of Carters Steam Fair. However the point getting the view of public defeats the purpose of an observational documentary.

There are a few things that could go wrong with the documentary, the most important factor is the subjects pulling out at anytime. We could of filmed halve and yet if their not comfortable they can pull out when they want therefore this is why it's crucial to have back-up ideas waiting with further research on each subject. To cover a wide length documentary, it's dangerous for the content to be very appealing, it's important to keep the audience motivated, surprised and on the edge of their seat. This is why we're going to keep the audience attracted with the observational technique providing a tense feel to the doc.

Review by Joe Taphouse.

Out of our top 3 documentary ideas this one about the following the lives of a travelling circus family sounds really good. The though of being able to get the opportunity to experience the different life circus families live for this documentary would be amazing. My creating this documentary we would want to record as much of their lives as possible from the preparation stages before their performance, the beautiful entertaining shows they create, the dirty jobs they have to do around the fair, they’re personal family lives, their living conditions and environment, the women’s roles in comparison to the men’s and the of course put across the advantages and disadvantages of being part of a travelling circus family.

Portray how it must be hard growing up in that environment as your are constantly having to move around the country and you never get the chance to settle down and create a settled live for yourself. But then again the life they have is the only way they are aware of living, they would feel like outsiders if you were to put them in a normal environment away from their private circus family society. By making this documentary I will be able to compare my life and childhood to theirs and our aim is to make the viewers of our documentary to be able to do the as me, be able to compare and contrast they’re own life experiences, surroundings and upbringings to the travelling circus family.

We are working on getting permission to film a family run company ‘Carter’s Steam Fair’, we would love to get the permission to access all areas of their lives. It would be great to have the experience of their lives as I mentioned above but it would also me great to find out background information like what conditions and rules do they have to follow, what would the council do if they didn’t follow these rules.

For us to be able to get the footage we plan to get we would need to build a rapport with the Carter family and workers. I would say this documentary would need a primary subject who would gives us the access to the specific things we would want to capture and gives us a lead way into their community.

Review by Monica Gameiro.

I think that this idea is one of my favourite’s because it is a subject that many people do not know about, so we could engage with our audience and it could be educational.

With this idea I would definitely want to make sure we filmed all parts of the life of the fair people, which would be a Observational genre of documentary. We would have to make sure that we kept the camera rolling at all times, when they are setting up the fair, when people are using the rides, when the fair workers are checking equipment and the behind the scenes moments. We would also have to follow them on their journies from place to place as they travel across the country.

The fact that this fair uses many old rides as well as trucks that are hardly used anymore makes them even more interesting to document. Young people could learn something new from watching our documentary and the older generation could feel nostalgic about their youth.

The primary for this documentary Anna Carter, is a widow who has token full control over the steam fair from her husband who passed away, we could show how she has dealt with this change in her life as well as how she is coping with the stress. I would like to investigate into how well they are doing in terms of making enough money to survive. Another issue could be if they receive stereotypical racism against them travelling as well as what happens to the children who travel with them. Do the children have an education? Or do they miss out on it? Do they learn how to be a travelling fair? I would like to explore all of these questions if we choose this idea.

Issues and problems that we may come across with this idea is that it could just turn into talking heads if the fair people do not let us into their circle and film every part of their lives, I feel it will be a great challenge to try to gain their trust and to get socially accepted by them all. Another issue would be if they pulled out at the last minute or during the process of filming and we had to completely rethink our idea and quickly find a new primary as well as film and edit it in time for U-DOC. I would hope to form a bond with the fair and try to make sure that this did not happen. However if this were to happen as the Director I would speak with the rest of the group especially the Producer and make sure we had a good backup idea and kept them in contact.

Review by Zara Kirkpatrick.

The idea of making a documentary about the lives of circus folk and following them as they go about their daily lives I feel is the most appealing of the top three ideas. The documentary could take the form part investigatory hybrid documentary with the style of both Participatory where questions could be asked of how the circus folk thoughts perceived general public; what difficulties if any, they had when trying to obtain permission to setup their fairs etc. Did they face any problems such as authorities or local education authorities regarding the education of their children? What changes have there been in the lives of cirrus folk and has there been any decline in the industry over the years? Do they have any rivalry or disputes with other this travelling people? Part of the documentary would be Political Reflexive to develop the audience’s awareness.

The documentary could also have images of people arranging with local authorities, venues and logistics for their shows, setting up and dismantling their shows, time spent travelling and how they spent their off hours, relaxing shots of the public enjoying the shows or not enjoying them. There could also be a voice of God element to the production and even a presenter and crew members interacting with the circus folk and general public and of course, the camera should be left running when ever possible to capture any decisive moments.

Of course like all productions there are elements that could go wrong. Such as the primary pulling out or being strongly unsatisfied with the finished production and taking action to stop it been shown. There could be logistic problems as well as illness with the crew and circus folk and weather conditions.

Review by Patrick Reilly.

2. For The Band

Another idea was to document the trials and tribulations of a music band trying to start out. What I liked about this was the sheer amount of different approaches that could be taken when making a documentary about this idea. The subject matter itself is great as it has emotion through the tough times that the band has to go through, the joy through the passion that they have for the music and it strikes up an interest as it is rare to see the beginnings of any band trying to make it. Obviously with shows like X Factor and Britain’s Got Talent you more or less see this on a regular basis but our documentary would concentrate on a less manufactured system and instead a band who are trying to make it on their own.

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Review by Daniel Ashfield.

This idea really depends a lot on what genre to shoot this in. In terms of modes, just like 'The Circus Folk', I would choose to make this a combination of observational and expository mode. It could potentially just work as an observational mode documentary as we follow the band round in their everyday lives as they start the band, practise and try to make it to the big time. But then it would also be good to have their opinions on certain issues and conflicts between the band such as songwriting, earning money, gigs, etc. Therefore, this documentary could work with a voice of god to narrate what is happening as the documentary climaxes to entering into the battle of the band competition. We as filmakers get involved in the process and push the band into telling their history of knowing each other, what their future plans are and so on.

There are two ways we could go about this documentary. We could find a real band (where fortunately we do have friends that are in bands) and follow the band members lives as they struggle to make it in the current music industry. Or we could create a mockumentary and create a script using the same band contacts we have and make it a bit humorous. I would much prefer this genre style as the possibilities are endless and we could create a lot of different story arcs such as splitting the payment between the band members when the lead writes the songs and feels he should be paid more. Having a band member be kicked out because they are not needed and it creates rifts between the band members. Being booed of their first ever gig and how the band members find it hard to carry on. This would make the documentary continuously interesting throughout and really get the audience to engage with the subjects and narrative.

The real great advantage with this documentary idea is that we have a number of possibilities to choose from and can approach this in many different ways. We also have very good contacts who happen to be friends so the chances of them pulling out are slim compared to other documentary ideas. In which ever way we approach it (in terms of genre), there is good content to create a good documentary that should engage the audience from start to finish.

Review by Dale Stewart.

Even though there have been a majority of documentaries about following around music bands in the past, I think it will be intriguing to see in the eyes of an up-incoming band especially with the struggle of distributing music nowadays and how they find it through the tough times. We have two ways of producing this project, in the style of a mockumentary showing the humour within a documentary, not necessary completely scripted but hints of comedy just to keep the audience entertained, our biggest influence was mockumentary 'This is Spinal Tap'. We have a few paths to follow for the humorous side for example the tension between the band, conversing with each other saying who's better and so on. Another could be their first performance together with the hostile crowd booing them off the stage, a different kind of humour but showing the realistic side of the mockumentary.

Seeing as the mockumentary will generally be staged, ruling out observational mode is not for definite but the use of expository mode feel to it, which showing their opinions on certain points such as their view on the industry. The reason for it to be observational is with us the filmmakers pushing the band all the way during the interviews to get the fall history on why they became such good friends and started a band together.

The biggest advantage we have is the contacts, we already know a few bands really keen to be filmed for our docu/mockumentary. Being also good friends with a few, the conversing side will make it really comfortable for the audience to watch plus I learned especially through Nick Broomfield way of interviewing, making the subject feel comfortable results in huge amounts of facts perfect for the production. Although, the disadvantage being content is at it's minimal at the moment but through thorough research we the filmmakers can produce a real spine tingling piece through hardships and tough times to a happy atmosphere.

Review by Joe Taphouse.

This second idea about documenting the trials and tribulations is good but out of the three it is my least favourite. I like the idea of trying to put across the struggle and battle that not signed bands have to get know and to get a record deal. The reason I don’t really like it as much as the other two ideas is because I feel like it would be harder to attract a wide range of audience. Filming a band with a certain genre of music narrows down the audience we can target the documentary on.

If we we’re to go ahead with filming this documentary the main points we would try and put across would be how the members on this band live a totally average life, they have jobs, a family, college and whilst all this is going on they manage their own band. Through this documentary I think it would be a great idea to use some archive footage to show how talent shows can give people a quick way to stardom, they immediately become mainstream artists and contrast it against the bands opinion and experiences in comparison.

Self-managed bands prefer to not fall into that mainstream category of the music industry which is why it takes them long to get discover by record labels. They prefer to keep they’re uniqueness and originality rather than changing themselves.

I think for this documentary we would take an observational approach because we would be following the bands life, following their journey and not involving our selves or one of our team members with them. If we we're to involved ourselves in would be called a participant style documentary.

Review by Monica Gameiro.

I like this idea and enjoy thoughts of creating a journey documentary, following the band on tour or travelling around the country trying to perform at gigs and get themselves known and build a fan base. I think we would have to approach this idea with a mixture of genres Expository because we would like to ask them questions as well as get answers from the band members and people’s reactions to their music and Observational to follow the process of them trying to make it in the industry. We could show their successes and their failures portraying how hard it is for a band to make it big in the music industry with so many other bands trying to do the same thing. I would want to make the audience feel as if they really known the members of the band and start to empathies with them and feel their pain when they are down as well as feel their successes. I would really want the viewer to root for the band, the film would be more memorable and stick with the viewer after the film had finished which would mean it was successful. I think that this idea is quite a safe option in that we all have contact with bands that would be willing to take part in the documentary and wouldn’t pull out and even if one did we would have a backup option.

I think the problems we may come across with this idea are that the band may have a quiet patch and there wouldn’t be much to film, which would leave us lacking in footage. Another problem could be if that the bands were on tour we wouldn’t be able to go with them because of other lectures and other modules. Other than this I think this idea is a pretty good one, however I prefer the Steam Fair more.

Reviewed by Zara Kirkpatrick.

Of the three ideas this would be the one I would least like to pursue. Not because it is a bad idea and I feel there are many ways it could be produced. It’s just that it has been over done and what with the fall in audience numbers who watch programmes such as the X factor I felt that it would not attract a large audience.

Here again I feel the documentary would take the form of a hybrid documentary with the style of both investigatory and participatory where questions could be asked of what made members of the band want to pursue a career choice, how they met and why they decided to form a band, what do their parents, family and friends think of their choices, what sort of music they perform, what music and bands influenced them, do they think popular TV programmes like the X factor had an inference in their decisions. Have they had much of a following and how they perceive these fans? How do they think these fans perceive them and where they see themselves in the near and distant future? Also what difficulties have they had and what difficulties do they see getting to their goal. This part could be participatory as well having a voice of God making comments on the band’s answers.

This documentary could have images of people arranging with local authorities, clubs pubs, and other venues also putting logistics into place for their gigs, setting up and dismantling sets and instruments as well time spent on the road and shots of their audience and any groupies. There could also be shots of their family and friends back home discussing the bands past (there could be use made of any old family and friends photographs at this point). These family and friends could be asked where they see the bands future heading. There could also be shots of the streets they grew up in and the places they used to frequent - pubs etc. It could also include shots of their schools and workplaces and of course the camera should left running whenever possible to capture any decisive moments.

Again like all productions there are elements that could go wrong. Such as the primary pulling out, the band having a disagreement and splitting up or them being strongly dissatisfied with the finished production thinking that they have been portrayed in adverse or negative light and taking action to stop it been shown. There could be logistic problems as well as illness with the crew and band.

Review by Patrick Reilly.

3. The Real Superheroes

NEEDS A QUICK SYNOPSIS

This documentary idea was one of my personal ones thought up which I described it in full on my own Documentary and Ideas Research Page, here's the link:

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Review by Joe Taphouse.

This was the first of our ideas that all of us immediately agreed on. The originality was a huge selling point as was ideas for promotion, style and genre. Of course many 'Superhero' documentaries have been made before but by many companies that had a high budget and thousands of contacts. The originality came in the form of how we would approach this differently to the other previous documentaries. Initially I thought we could do this in a straight forward Observational Mode commenting on what we witness using a voice-of-god Expository mode stance.

Whilst we may focus heavily on the 'Superhero' stance of the documentary, going as far as to actually contact someone who dresses up as a superhero to fight crime, this is first and foremost a Vigilante documentary. Regardless, the possibilities for this kind of documentary are plentiful and it would really come down to practicality and legality as to what we could film and use. I briefly thought about it being Participatory: one member of our team would 'don a cape' and become a sidekick to a working vigilante subject who we would us as a teacher of sorts. There are many ethical and legal issues with this such as giving one of our members a chance to actually break the law. I think it would be an interesting take on this topic if we used our own people to express their own thoughts and feelings about it having been involved themselves. That being said I think this documentary would be no less interesting if we were to simply follow the vigilante around, focusing all our attention on him and making him the main focal point of the doc. We could ask him any manner of questions and the responses could bring a wide variety of results. Hopefully these could be shocking or thought provoking.

As producer I want to make sure everything goes well but I'd be concerned about the mood and angle we'd take. Would we make it more serious and dramatic or take a comedic view on it? It's something we'd have to discuss in pre-production or maybe it's something that changes during the shooting. One of my favourite things about this idea is the undeniable and unbelievable chances we have at pitching and making fantastic promotion capabilities. The idea of making it a 'Real Superhero' opens the door for the possibility of promoting it using a comic book theme. This would be incredible as everyone can associate it, or they acknowledge and understand what it is making it easily relatable and understandable. Posters, leaflets, T-Shirts and trailers could all use the same theme and we could make it cartoony concentrating on the colour scheme and even mimic successful comic-movies in terms of quotes, taglines or imagery.

The difficulties to making this documentary are all too obvious but I think, done correctly, this could do extremely well whilst remaining entertaining and informative simultaneously.

Review By Daniel Ashfield.

Another fantastic and original idea. One of the most appealing things about this idea is jumping into the weird and wonderful life of someone who takes the law into their own hands. One thing is for sure, if we can capture the right things, interviews and so on then this documentary should constantly grab the audience's attention and never let go. This would almost certainly be shot in expository mode as we would be conducting interviews to find out their motives, beliefs and what their future holds. The amount of questions that could be asked is staggering and there would be a lot of things that I would certainly want to know and what the audience would want to know.

We could make the choice to follow one vigilantie around for the day and see how they live their life and what their motives are but I think it would be more interesting to meet a few vigilantes (maybe 3) and compare their views against each others and why they choose to live their lives this way. What kind of ordinary life do they live to get by in life and why they feel that the law or police or government do not do enough to sort out the things that they feel they have to. It truly is a fascinating ideal and way to live whilst also being extremely dangerous. If pulled off, this documentary could be truly amazing containing some amazing footage with a fantastic narrative and create empathy with the audience.

With this documentary idea, there is a lot of things that could go wrong. As with 'The Circus Folk' idea, the subjects could pull out which seems even more likely as they would not want their identities to be revealed. This would mean that any hope of showing these subjects living their normal lives would be scrapped as well since they do not want to be shown. It would be extremely difficult to even find a vigilantie that would be willing to come on board in the first place, let alone stay on board. Aside from this, there could be a huge problem with the University of Winchester Ethics Rules, BBC Rules and Regulations and OFFCOM rules. We cannot show any law being broken on TV so any shooting on location of the vigilante doing his actual 'work' would be scrapped as well. We would have to be careful about the injuries the subject may sustain or even our own safety when shooting out on location.

Aside from these disadvantages to the documentary that would harm the documentary as a whole, it could still be a very good idea. If shot well, and if the right questions have been asked then this could be special.

Review by Dale Stewart.

This third idea about vigilantly is one of my favorite ideas alongside the Carters steam fair documentary. At the start of the term we we’re set on going ahead with this idea but we later discovered that another group was going to do it so we felt that it would be better to go back to the drawing board and brainstorm another bunch of ideas as a group, which is when we came up with the band and the travelling circus documentary ideas. Although there was another group with the same vigilante idea we could of still gone a head with that idea as well as them, but we felt it would be best to have our own different idea to separate us from what they where doing.

What I really like about this idea is how it isn’t really a common topic in documentaries. One of my favorite films is Kick Ass which is all about a normal teenage guy wanting to take law into his own hands, and that’s the same point we would like to put across in this documentary. We would aim to find a primary who is a normal guy with a mission to save the world. Although we would have a primary subject I think it would be a good idea to find a few more, follow them and compare and contrast how differently or similarly their reasons are for being vigilantes and how they go about their missions. Some may not be as dangerous and ruthless as others. Most vigilantes live like normal people and then have disguises to hide their identities when it comes to stopping crime. In this documentary I think it important to put across the vigilantes opinion on why they think they need to take it upon themselves to stop crime and why they think the government and the police force are not doing enough.

I think the main problem we would have with doing this documentary is following the OFFCOM and BBC rules and regulations because of the things we would want to film to portray the ins and outs of living as a vigilante. We wouldn’t just want to film the bits of their lives where they aren’t fighting crime, we would want to film every single moment of the crime fighting so we could give the viewers a true perspective of what it is like to be in their shoes and get the viewer to understand why the vigilantes feel like they need to help society with crime.

Review by Monica Gameiro.

I really like this idea as it is something that I feel an audience would respond really well to, real life vigilanties are something that not many people know about. Or they have seen, other than in feature films such as Kick Ass directed by Mathew Vaughn (2010). I think that if we managed to form a good friendship between one primary that we could find out about their kooky strange behavior and why they feel they should patrol the streets. Hopefully if we did manage to form a bond with them they would let us into their world and let us follow them in their everyday, presumably normal life and how at night they change into a real life super hero. It could be really interesting to make the genre of the documentary Expository mode as we could ask them many questions and gain insights into their past and what inspired them and what they possibly aspire to do in the future.

As the Director I would hope to produce the film in a way that made the audience empathize with the primary and start to root for them and want them to be successful in whatever they aspire to do. I think it could be a really interesting insight into a relatively unknown subject.

The major problem with this idea is that when we found a primary (which will be hard considering it is an illegal act that they do) they may say they will film with us and then suddenly pull out at the last minute, leaving us with half a film. Or another problem is if they would not let us fully into their world we could end up with talking heads. There could be problems with the University Ethics Rules as well as Ofcom and trouble with the police for filming the vigilanty. However, we could overcome this by creating re-enactments of events that involved violence or seeing as we would only be following the primary and not telling them what to do necessarily in the film, we would not be participating in anything illegal by filming what they do.

Review by Zara Kirkpatrick.

This one I feel is probably on par with the Circus Folk idea. This could be the most exciting one to produce for a number of reasons. Firstly it was the one the group/team was most enthusiastic to produce. Because it combines vigilantes and superheroes I feel that it would appeal to a larger audience than the other two ideas because of the popularity of superhero movies released over recent years and the popularity of the change of the reasonable force law concerting intruders/burglars in to people’s homes introduced by the government recently. The target audience would feel some euphony with the vigilantes appearing in this documentary. Another advantage is there a lot information and inquiries on the internet on the subject which implies that there is a thirst to know more about subject.

Here again I feel the documentary would take the form of a hybrid documentary with the style of both investigatory and participatory combined with expository mode. Questions could be asked of what made the subjects of the project want to become vigilantes and take this to extremes of dressing up as superheroes? Did they meet with other superheroes? Did they act in groups or along did other people outside the superhero community (if there is one) know they did this? Did they see themselves as doing a service for the communities they live in? What do they think other people think of them? How did they live the rest of their lives? Did they work? Did they regard what they did as breaking the law? What did they think of the law as it stood? This part of the documentary could be participatory as well having a voice of God making comments.

This production could have images of these vigilantes planning their patrols, mapping out high crime areas studying images of people they wished to target these images could be pixelated. There could be video of these vigilantes in secret meeting (if any) chatting online to other vigilantes across the globe there could shots of prisons, police stations, hospitals, broken in to homes. These shots could be edited into a montage.

There could be footage of police on patrol giving their opinions on these superhero vigilantes both personal an official opinions and again shots of family and friends giving their opinions. Also re-enactments of incidents that these superhero vigilantes have been involved in.

In all productions there are elements that could go wrong such as the primary pulling out, them being strongly dissatisfied with the finished production, thinking that they have been portrayed in an adverse or negative light. There could be logistical problems as well as illness within the crew. There could also be equipment failure. There are also ethical and legal concerns if a crime is captured on film - those involved in the filming could be accused of encouraging and participating in that crime as well as breaching the University of Winchesters Ethic Rules, OFFCOM rules as well as any number of civil and bylaws.

Review by Patrick Reilly.